Although Cook’s (28) logic may, superficially, appear reasonable and simple, it is affected with several serious fundamental flaws. First, 204 Pb isn’t missing into the Katanga examples; it merely wasn’t calculated! Inside the report, Nier (100) states:
Really, in 20 associated with the 21 samples investigated the amount of typical lead can be so small this one do not need to simply just take account for the variants with its composition. In several examples where in actuality the abundance of 204 Pb ended up being suprisingly low no effort had been designed to assess the quantity of it while the determination is of no value that is particular. (100, p. 156)
Evidently, neither Cook (28), Morris (92), nor Slusher (117) bothered to read through Nier’s (100) complete report and mistakenly interpreted the dash for 204 Pb in Faul’s (46) tabulation as “zero, ” whenever, in reality, this means “not calculated. ”
2nd, the neutron-capture cross sections for 206 Pb and 207 Pb aren’t equal, as Cook (28) assumes,
But vary by an issue of 24 (0.03 barns for 206 Pb, 0.72 barns for 207 Pb ‡ ). This discrepancy features a significant impact on the outcomes of Cook’s (28) calculation. Dining dining Table 5 compares the outcome for the three ways of age calculation — the proper technique, Cook ’s (28) technique, and Cook’s technique using the proper nuclear cross sections — utilizing the presently accepted most useful values for the uranium decay price and abundance constants. The right age that is radiometric, needless to say, the clinical worth of 622 million years. Whenever Cook’s (28) calculation is performed with appropriate allowance for the unequal cross that is neutron-capture of 206 Pb and 207 Pb, the resulting determined age is clearly more than the systematic value, therefore regardless if such neutron reactions had occurred, the result will be the contrary of that reported by Cook (28). Note additionally that even Cook’s (28) wrong calculation leads to an age of 70 million years, perhaps not “practically zero” as asserted by Slusher (117).
| Method | 206 Pb/ 207 Pb | Age (million years) |
|---|---|---|
| Scientific | 16.53 | 622 |
| Cook (28) | 21.1 | 70 |
| Cook’s (28) calculationdone correctly † | 16.38
The problem that is third Cook’s idea is the fact that you will find much too few free neutrons obtainable in nature, even yet in uranium ores, to cause significant impacts. This particular fact is easily acquiesced by Cook: Regardless of proof that the neutron flux is a millionth since large as it must be to account fully for appreciable (letter, ) impacts, there are lots of well documented examples that appear to show the truth for this scheme. (28, p. 54) The examples are, needless to say, those from Katanga and Martin Lake. Thus Cook’s (28) idea and calculations, enthusiastically endorsed by Morris (92) and Slusher (117), are derived from information that don’t exist and generally are, in addition, fatally flawed by demonstrably false presumptions. 1 an separated system is just one in which neither matter nor power enters or leaves. A system that is closed one in which only matter neither enters nor leaves. A method that isn’t closed can be a available system. A “system” might be of every size, including very small (like a mineral grain) or very large (such as the whole universe). For radiometric dating the machine, frequently a stone or some mineral that is specific, require just be closed to your parent and child isotopes. 2 roughly one percent associated with Earth’s environment is argon, of which 99.6 % is 40 Ar. 3 These paths would be at an angle of 45° in the event that scales regarding the ordinate and abscissa will be the exact same.4 The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar method is definitely an analytical variation of k-ar relationship. The credibility of many years acquired by this system could be confirmed through the information alone in a way analogous to your Rb-Sr isochron technique talked about above. To learn more about 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating, see Dalrymple (32). 5 enhanced constants had been adopted global in 1976 (124). 6 halos that are pleochroic bands of discolored areas around radioactive inclusions in certain minerals. The discoloration is brought on by radiation injury to the crystals by subatomic particles. The radii among these rings are proportional towards the energies associated with the particles. 7 A nuclear effect cross section, indicated in units of area (barns), is definitely a dimension of this likelihood that the particle under consideration will penetrate the nucleus of this target isotope and result in the effect under consideration. 8 The values and equation actually offer a total consequence of 21.3. Cook published outcome of 21.1. I’ve used result that is cook’s persistence.‡ Note by Jon Fleming, 2005: Dalrymple will not supply a guide for their cross section values. They may not be dramatically distinctive from contemporary values, including the 26.6±1.2 mb for 206 Pb and 610±30 mb for 207 Pb reported in J. C. Blackmon, S. Raman, J. K. Dickens, R. M. Lindstrom, R. L. Paul, J. E. Lynn, “Thermal-neutron capture by 208 Pb”, bodily Review C v65 # 4 045801 (2002). Abstract (such as the numbers that are quoted at http: //link. Aps.org/abstract/PRC/v65/e045801, accessed 6, 2005 december. † Note by Jon Fleming, 2005: |
